Advancement Technology That Being Harm to Community free essay sample

In this usage, technology refers to tools and machines that may be used to solve real-world problems. It is a far-reaching term that may include simple tools, such as a crowbar or wooden spoon, or more complex machines, such as a space station or particle accelerator. Tools and machines need not be material; virtual technology, such as computer software and business methods, falls under this definition of technology1. Technology also has more than one definition. One is the development and application of tools, machines, materials and processes that help people solve the problem. As human activity, technology began to be before the science and techniques. Technology is made on the basis of knowledge in order to facilitate human work. Technology often reflects the findings and tools that use the principles and process of scientific discovery recently found. Nevertheless, the discovery of a very long time as the wheel is also called a technology. We will write a custom essay sample on Advancement Technology That Being Harm to Community or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Other definition is a technology viewed from the present status of our knowledge in how to combine resources to produce the desired product. Therefore, we can see the changes in technology at the time of our knowledge increased. It can not be denied that technology brings much convenience to human, but it is also capable of destroying and harming humanity itself if human began to try something outside the limitations that are prohibited by religions. Therefore this paper studies the impact of advancement in technology on humanity. These effects include the effects of the benefit and harm to the humanity. However for this paper, I will emphasize the problems that arise when technology is misused by human for personal interests or needs. 1 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Technology UHP 6013 Page 1 2. 0 Technology: An advantage or detriment. In the era of a borderless world, all information is at the fingertips. Technology brings us to a life change. Progress can not be denied. However, in the meantime, there are also denying the impact of technology. Various conclusions made by individuals based on observation of the effects either technological progress or lead to the destruction of the universe2. Whether we know it or not, whether we like it or not, technology strongly interacts with almost every facet of our lives. It has also come to interact with almost every facet of the natural world. There is no doubt that technology has transformed our lives, and is still doing so at an ever increasing pace, reaching every aspect of living and has a stake in the development of global society3. Technology is not just a background to the way we live our lives: rather it is a major factor affecting all aspects of individual and communal lives; it is an omnipresent feature of our lives that shapes the way we work, play, live, think, and how we interact with each other. Thus it has an enormous impact on daily life, and causes change at an ever increasing rate. It is clears that technology not only changes the possibilities open to us; it shapes the way we think. It shapes culture to a major degree, while culture also influences technology, within the limits of what is scientifically and technologically possible4. Technology is a tool, not just a reward, for growth and development. But it also can not be denied have an adverse impact in national development, including environmental and social problems. All this is inevitable because sometimes people are busy chasing progress and sophistication so complacent with the adverse effects that would befall us. All discoveries and technological inventions born of the human mind sometimes misses the real purpose for not according to the principles 2 3 Norkumala bt. Awang, Sains dan Teknologi: Suatu kelebihan atau kemudaratan? , 2006 Tom Philbin , The greatest inventions of all time: A ranking Past to Present (New York: Citadel Press), 2003 4 Melvin Kranzberg and William H Davenport, Technology and Culture: An Anthology (New York: Meridian), 1972 UHP 6013 Page 2 outlined by Islam. Not surprisingly, many practices are also invited to the detriment of technology if the boundary of science, exploration does not meet what Islam presented. The finding from the study of science and technology development has helped us to do various activities and allows us to communicate as much distance or destination is no longer a barrier to us carrying out any work activities. In fact, the findings from the study of science and technology, man can find a variety of cure. This includes the technology of cloning and stem cell. This technology is getting warm attention from all parties. There is no doubt resulted from the development of this technology is able to transfer genetics from one organism to another organism. This would result in an organism similar to the master. The problem, it is feared by the world community that it would be abused by certain parties for the purpose of human cloning. It is too deviated from the path of true religion. Similarly, stem cell technology is much merit in helping to overcome many diseases. But what is feared that if the use of embryonic stem cell cloning to be abused as well as for humans. Technology hasnt really harmed humanity; humanity has harmed humanity. The machines and computers and everything mechanical dont do any harm; the harm comes from their overuse, their misuse, and their abuse by humans. We can be our own worse enemies; but our enemies are not the machines or the technology. Therefore, a great deal of technological advancement is being misused, and in this, the human issues not dealt with are magnified and made more powerful via technology. UHP 6013 Page 3 3. 0 Cloning Technology The issue of cloning is one issue that was actively discussed by the Western Scientist at the moment. This issue is gaining momentum on trial when advances in technology have improved the genetic technology. In 1997, Dr Ian Wilmut and colleagues at the Roslin Institute in Scotland developed an artificial method of obtaining mammalian clones from mature animals and thus permit asexual reproduction in mammals. Dolly (figure 1) the sheep was the first such cloned mammal cloning in other species, like frogs, had been done before5. This has led members of the genetic scientists started thinking to develop human cloning. Figure 1: The world’s first cloned mammal; Dolly the sheep (left) and its surrogate mother (right) Clones are genetically identical organisms. In other words, clone is an organism with the same DNA or genome. Organisms with asexual reproduction, like many microorganisms that merely divide, usually have millions of clones because only rare mutations are a cause of genetic alterations. In mammals, including humans, clones can originate due to divisions of the egg, often called identical or monozygotic twins. Having the same genome does not imply that two organisms will be exactly the same. Even identical twins are different to some degree. During development random events occur, called developmental noises, which are unique to each organism. In addition, changes in 5 Poland S. C. , and Bishop L. J. Bioethics and Cloning, Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 12(3), 2002 UHP 6013 Page 4 education, nurturing, and other environmental factors can lead to noticeable differences between adult organisms with the same genome. Like the sheep cloning technique performed by Dr. Ian Wilmut, human cloning or any organism can be created by transferring the nucleus (which carries the genetic information) fr om the cell selected organisms into the egg that have not been fertilized. The egg nucleus is removed, replaced with the nucleus of last selected and allowing the fertilization process without using sperm. The cells will divide and reproduce in the laboratory. Then the good cell will be selected, inserted into the uterus of a surrogate mother and then transforms into fetus. This clone produced equal or nearly equal to the original organism. At least, this clone produced 90% of inherited characteristics of the original organism (donor) and also leads characteristics (DNA) of a surrogate mother6. Human clones are as twins on the donor, but he was born late compared to the twins. As a normal pair of identical twins, human clones and the donor has a different fingerprint. In fact, human cloning is not an impossible task. What needed are knowledge, expertise and equipment to complete7. However, should it be done? What are the benefits of human cloning to produce this? Does not it violate the requirements of God, which stipulates that human birth or offspring through the institution of marriage. 6 Robert G. McKinnell Marie A. Di Berardino, The Biology of Cloning: History and Rationale, 49 BIOSCIENCE 875, 880-81 (1999) (discussing development of mammalian cloning via nuclear transfer) 7 Dato’ Setia Hj. Mohd. Tamyes bin Abd. Wahid, Pengklonan Pembiakan Manusia dan Perubatan Dari Perspektif Hukum Syara, 2007 UHP 6013 Page 5 Figure 2: The process of Cloning 4. 0 Eve: First Human Clone? According to the Clonaid Corporation the first cloned baby, named Eve, was born on December 26, 2002, shocked the world. A few days later, on January 3, 2003, another cloned baby was allegedly born in Europe8. I am very, very pleased to announce that the first baby clone was born, said Clonaid CEO, Bridget Boisselier at a press conference on December 27, 2002. Boisselier said that Eve was born at an undisclosed location to a 31-year-old human mother, who’s DNA was identical to the child. Boisselier did not present the mother or child at the time, and has not produced evidence 8 Shaikh Mohd Saifuddeen Shaikh Mohd Salleh, Pengklonan manusia lebih banyak bawa mudarat, Berita Harian 2003 UHP 6013 Page 6 of the childs existence in the years since9. The baby, created through the same techniques as Dolly the sheep. However, Boisselier refused to say where the baby was born, identify her parents, or even provide a picture. Clearly, the announcement is creating a flood of questions: ethical, medical, political, religious and some which belonged solely to the field of science fiction up to this point. Moral issues are also paramount in the debate. Most scientists, already skeptical of Boiselliers ability to produce a human clone, will probably demand to know exactly how the DNA testing was done before they believe the announcement. While advocates of cloning say it has the potential to create organs for life-saving transplant operations and many of them also opposed to abortion rights believe cloning interferes with natural law. In addition, some object because the process of cloning could involve the creation and destruction of human embryos on a massive scale. Human clones are not the same as identical twins. To some, cloning is the greatest breakthrough in our age. To others, cloning causes great concern. Cloning human means creating a genetic copy of the donor. While this certainly means an identical appearance, it could also duplicate some preferences such as eating choices. However, personality cannot be cloned. Personality is made up of life experiences, and the clone would have different experiences from its donor. Many possible disadvantages of human cloning exist, but much of the opposition can be expressed in the areas of medical, health and ethical dilemmas10. 10 Beezy Marsh and Tim Utton, Baby clone or big con? Daily Mail (2003) Dylan Murray, Possible Disadvantages of Human Cloning, http://www. ehow. com (2004) UHP 6013 Page 7 The greatest danger human cloning poses is a health risk to babies born through this procedure if it were attempted with current technology. Research in animals has shown that while cloning is possible, th e majority of animals die at early stages of development or shortly after birth. Moreover, a number of cloned animals are born with defects11. Despite anecdotal claims, human cloning has never been performed, yet one serious possibility is that human clones would also feature birth defects. Possible causes for defects in clones are epigenetic changes. Clones derived from adult cells do not have the epigenetic patterns found in a newly born, and so they could carry defects. Even some of the human cloning was failed (figure 3) during research. For this reason, many scientists oppose reproductive cloning in humans because of abnormalities seen in cloned animals. Figure 3: The failure process of human cloning 11 Dan W. Brock, Ph. D. Brown University, Cloning Human Beings (2003) UHP 6013 Page 8 5. 0 Effect of Clone Technology from Islamic View. The issue of human reproductive cloning have started to surface and dealt with by the world community in late 2002. This debate becomes a polemic among scientists and political leaders. Some countries it is clearly put human cloning as an ethic crime. Clearly stated that human cloning can produce without a valid marriage or no mixing occurs between the male and female. Act of human cloning is seen as a human effort to act outside the regulations specified by Allah S. W. T. of human birth or offspring through marriage12.. As we know, Islam sees the relationship between men and women in a valid marriage as important for the purpose of obtaining offspring. This is explained by Allah S. W. T. through His words in the Surah Al-Nisa’: O ye people! Fear your Lord, Who created you (Adam) from a single soul and created there (Adam) from its mate (Eve – Adam’s Wife) and from them twain spread many men and women; and fear Allah, in Whose name you appeal to one another and fear Him particularly respecting ties of relationship. Verily Allah watches over you13. The act of cloning will produce a generation of people who try to degrade the creation of human that exalted by Allah S. W. T. Cloning will produce a generation of people who can create human and will produce people who would deny the power of God. This act has caused people feel like he has the power and able to create and determine the occurrence of other human according to his needs. This will drag the man to lose faith because they thought that human beings can create human beings, just as Allah created the worlds creation. In the cloning process, it does not require the existence of sperm to give birth to a baby then it would be problems on the status of DNA. If it comes from her husband, is her husband would be regarded as father of the child or as a twin clone? In other words, 12 Shaikh Mohd Saifuddeen Shaikh Mohd Salleh, Implikasi pengklonan ke atas fitrah manusia, Pusat Ekonomi, Kajian Sosial dan Teknologi, Institut Kefahaman Islam Malaysia (IKIM) 2003 13 The Holy Quran, Surah Al-Nisa’ verse 1 UHP 6013 Page 9 baby clone is a genetic replica of the DNA contributor14. There are few question will be arise and the questions are what the relationship between the parent clones is? Is it the same as child relationship with the father? Or is it because the genetic characteristics of both are the same, they are twins? This is something are very concern in Islam because the status of lineage will involve a variety of complications in family practice. This is explained by Allah S. W. T. hrough His words in the Surah Al-Furqan verse 54: And He it is Who created man from water, and has made for him kindred by descent and kindred by marriage; and thy Lord is All-Powerful15. Kinship of family is very prominently in Islam. Islam emphasizes the need of the family are kept. Cloning technology will undermine the family institution emphasized by Islam. In addition, a further implication is the commercialization aspect of a womans vagina. Cloning technology paved the way for women to become su rrogate mothers by let out their uterus throughout pregnancy to allow the baby clone is born. People should take lessons from the problems arising from the use of artificial reproductive technologies like IVF using a surrogate mother where many legal disputes arising because the baby struggle between the surrogate mother and the real parents. What is clear is that cloning technology will open up more space for such disputes between a surrogate mother with the donor DNA. Furthermore there are too many risks in carrying out the cloning process. This is actually one of the biggest reasons why cloning cannot happen; there is too much risk of producing imperfect clones. During the process of cloning, it is possible that the transferred cell develops mutations such that it can develop disease. Without thinking about these errors that can be made during the process of cloning, it is too risky to produce clones; it would produce too much pain and dangers to the cloning. An example of this case is the first successful mammal clone Dolly the sheep. Even though Dolly was a successful, it eventually developed a disease called arthritis, which is an extremely painful bone disease. The process of cloning is not a simple thing that is shown in 14 Shaikh Mohd Saifuddeen Shaikh Mohd Salleh, Implikasi pengklonan ke atas fitrah manusia, Pusat Ekonomi, Kajian Sosial dan Teknologi, Institut Kefahaman Islam Malaysia (IKIM) 2003 15 The Holy Quran, Surah Al-Furqan verse 54 UHP 6013 Page 10 movies, even if the cloning was successful; the clone might have abnormal organs or immune system problems16. Cloning technology also will provide space for the genes are traded. Famous artists, intellectuals, prominent intellectuals and prominent leaders likely can market their DNA to buyers who wants to have children with genetic characteristics similar to them. As Robin Marantz Henig said Cloning may turn out to be less prevalent and less scary than we imagined. Market forces might make reproductive cloning impractical and scientific advancements may make it unnecessary. However, despite this controversial issue, we must accept the fact that this cloning technology is a great technology and tool in this century. Almost, many scientist have mastered and improve this technology for medical research through therapeutic cloning to produce specific tissues and cells, nerves, muscles and certain organs, but also to treat certain diseases such as cancer, Alzheimers and Parkinsons. As Prof Mohd Nizam, Head of Human Genetics, International Medical University (IMU) said, we do not do the work of Allah S. W. T in the affairs of human beings. This matter (including the birth of Eve) will not happen if it does not get the imprimatur of Allah S. W. T. What is important, any questions involving faith, should be immediately corrected through discussions of scientists and scholars, before Muslims clashed with each other that may deteriorate the people themselves17. This is because Islam is religions that keep benefits to their adherent. If something is contrary to nature and does not meet towards good, but cause destruction, Islam certainly does not require its use. Islam is not to prevent or oppose the development in technology. Instead Islam are encouraged their adherent to explore and develop new technology but it should have a clear boundaries between what is permissible and what is prohibited. 16 Nestor Micheli Morales, Psychological and Ideological Aspects of Human Cloning: A Transition to a Tranhumanist Psychology, Journal of Evolution and Technology Vol. 0 Issue 2 – August 2009 17 Salina Abdullah Kontroversi klon manusia, Berita Harian, 6 Jan 2003 UHP 6013 Page 11 6. 0 Conclusion. Technology is a dynamic and rapidly changing field. Scientific advances occur at an increasingly rapid rate and the impact on society increases. Although individuals have to cope and adapt to changes brought about by developments in technology, it is likely that the acceptance or resistance to change may not reflect the tru e belief or understanding of the individual. In this paper I attempt to show the advancements in technology may benefit humanity or may come at the risk of doing harm. I also tried to highlight the issue of cloning technology which is currently getting more attention from community. Cloning technology one of the technological advances which misapplied by the scientists and researcher world for personal gain. Human cloning has until now received little serious and careful ethical attention, because it was typically dismissed as science fiction, and it stirs deep, but difficult to articulate, uneasiness and even revulsion in many people. Any ethical assessment of human cloning at this point must be tentative and provisional. As we face the choices presented by technology, we must remember to weigh these issues against the impact on the individual, society, and the natural environment. Result of advancement in technologies now indeed much has been benefits as well to humanity embedded are also disadvantages. Thus any progress should be based on Islamic values and within the limits stipulated discovery of knowledge. Then the progress and development we have achieved is not distorted and does not harm the community because sometimes we create the harm itself. Finally, we must accept that development of technologies shape the way we think and act. The most important here are the tools and methods we use for transforming the goals of society into the choices we make. UHP 6013 Page 12 References 1. 2. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Technology. Norkumala bt. Awang, Sains dan Teknologi: Suatu kelebihan atau kemudaratan? 2006. 3. Tom Philbin , The greatest inventions of all time: A ranking Past to Present (New York: Citadel Press), 2003. 4. Melvin Kranzberg and William H Davenport, Technology and Culture: An Anthology (New York: Meridian), 1972. 5. Poland S. C. , and Bishop L. J. , Bioethics and Cloning, Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 12(3), 2002. 6. Robert G. McKinnell Marie A. Di Berardino, The Biology of Cloning: History and Rationale, 49 BIOSCIENCE 875, 880-81 (1999) (discussing development of mammalian cloning via nuclear transfer). 7. Dato’ Setia Hj. Mohd. Tamyes bin Abd. Wahid, Pengklonan Pembiakan Manusia dan Perubatan Dari Perspektif Hukum Syara, 2007. 8. Shaikh Mohd Saifuddeen Shaikh Mohd Salleh, Pengklonan manusia lebih banyak bawa mudarat, Berita Harian 2003. 9. Beezy Marsh and Tim Utton, Baby clone or big con? Daily Mail (2003). 10. Dylan Murray, Possible Disadvantages of Human Cloning, http://www. ehow. com (2004). 11. Dan W. Brock, Ph. D. Brown University, Cloning Human Beings (2003). 12. Shaikh Mohd Saifuddeen Shaikh Mohd Salleh, Implikasi pengklonan ke atas fitrah manusia, Pusat Ekonomi, Kajian Sosial dan Teknologi, Institut Kefahaman Islam Malaysia (IKIM) 2003. 13. The Holy Quran, Surah Al-Nisa’ verse 1. 14. The Holy Quran, Surah Al-Furqan verse 54. 15. Nestor Micheli Morales, Psychological and Ideological Aspects of Human Cloning: A Transition to a Tranhumanist Psychology, Journal of Evolution and Technology Vol. 20 Issue 2 – August 2009. 16. Salina Abdullah Kontroversi klon manusia, Berita Harian, 6 Jan 2003 UHP 6013 Page 13

Get Dissertation Help

Get Dissertation Help Get Dissertation Help How to Get Dissertation HelpWhen students set to writing a dissertation, they may get lost because this kind of work is practically unknown to them. They may feel helpless because they may not see, for example, the difference between essay and dissertation. While writing a dissertation many problems may arise, such as, for example, inability to manage ones time in a proper way. So in this paper you will find some useful tips on where you can look for dissertation help.Primarily, the first person to address is your supervisor. He or she will assist you during your work on your dissertation, so do not hesitate and ask your tutor when any questions arise. Dissertation help, provided by your supervisor, can include the following:assistance in choosing a topic, which will be interesting for you;planning interim deadlines of the work;creating a plan of work for you to meet the final deadline;monitoring your progress etc.It would be good if you could access the past dissertations, similar to the kind you are asked to write. They can be a useful source of dissertation help, because from them you can learn about the structure, size and methodology used.Your fellow students can provide you with some dissertation help too. They may not know the subject of your dissertation, but discussing your work with them you can evaluate your progress and check if your way of thinking is right. Discussing your dissertation with other students may be of great help too, because due to sharing your ideas with your friends you can assess your progress in comparison with others. And, which is also very important, sharing your thoughts and ideas about your dissertation will make you more confident.The last but, not the least source of dissertation help is internet, of course. In educational sites you will find some useful tips on how to manage your time, plan your work, what methods are preferable considering your topic etc. To sum it up, keep in mind that, though all kinds of dissertatio n help may be very useful, dissertation is an individual kind of work, showing your knowledge, abilities and talents. Of course, in your search for dissertation help keep in mind that there are always limits to any assistance. So try to do your best and make it as independently as possible, than working on your dissertation will surely become an exciting experience of your students life.

Bill Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bill - Research Paper Example Since the company’s application in May and the subsequent development within the House of Representatives, the bill have raised substantial arguments. Proponents of the bill argues that it would create employment while its opponents claim points at environmental impacts. According to Coral Davenport of The New York Times, November 18, 2014 passage of the bill may rely on veto powers of President Obama and Nebraska court approval for allowing passage of the pipeline through the district. As a concerned member of industrial revolution in the State, there exists need to remain a proponent of the bill. Conceivably, citizens should duly commit their votes to encourage the proposed Keystone pipeline project in a non-political but rather economic mind. Ideally, the proposed project presents unmeasurable economic benefits coupled with industrial revolution to United States. Society can envy the nay voters on the proposed project, it is logical. However, change always remains inevitable and not to have concerns and commitment based on the current industrial and economic issues raises responsibility questions. Before voting against the noble Keystone project, a reflection of its vitality to United States economy and superiority should remain a fundamental concern. The following ultimate benefits as aforementioned are domineering for question and reflection before opposing the proposed pipeline project. As concerned citizens of United State, there exist a contemporary urgency to reinstate manufacturing back to the country. Domestic manufacturing industry is imperative in provision of employment and production of locally standardized goods that directly sustains the health concerns that citizens cherish as a nation. TransCanada insists that local refining of crude oil would be imperious in sustainability of the economy especially on creation of employment opportunities. It is essential to understand that opposing the idea would

Analysis on Saudi Arabia's Fiscal Policy and the Oil Prices Assignment

Analysis on Saudi Arabia's Fiscal Policy and the Oil Prices - Assignment Example Policy Recommendations 6.1: Shrinking the Government 6.2: Diversifying the Economy 6.3: Energy Prise Reform 6.4: Regulation for Increased Efficiency 6.5: Adding Renewable Source of Energy 6.6: Nuclear Power Ambition Executive Summary The fiscal policy of any nation is the backbone of its prosperous future. The fiscal policies of oil exporting countries are viewed with concern all over the world because oil price is the determining factor of prosperity for all the world’s leading nations. Saudi Arabia is a prominent oil exporter of the world. Its economic policies influence the cost of oil it is exporting directly and the industrial development of many other nations indirectly. Though Saudi Arabia’s fiscal policy is appreciated as a balanced and best one by reputed institutions like International Monetary Fund (IMF), there are countless untold issues hidden under it. Oil is a highly diminishing form of natural energy. The government is taking many productive steps to pro tect this sustainable energy and thinking about alternate ways of employment, other than oil drilling. The paper discusses the important issues on Saudi Arabia’s fiscal policies and gives useful recommendations to overcome them effectively. Introduction King Abdal Aziz ibn Al Saud created the Saudi Arabia kingdom by uniting several small Arabic nations together in 1932. This Middle East Peninsula covers over 2.23 million square kilometres, most of which are oil rich desserts (Hitti & Abed, 1974). Oil drilling became an important and thriving business in the area by 1950's. Since then drilling oil has been main occupation of the nation for the past 7 decades. All the progressive measures of the government from improving infrastructure to transport facilities depend upon the profits generated by the oil exported to the developed countries. The countercyclical fiscal policies of Saudi Arabia won accolades around the world by the way it handled the global economic downturn in 200 8-2009. The savings of the surplus during the last 5 years enabled the government to manage the recession with poise and comfort. But, there were several hidden truths behind this. Thousands of labours or manual workers lost their job in the recession. Planes were booked in bulk to transport these people back to the eastern countries where they came from. Several major construction projects related to the industrial and infrastructure needs of the country were stalled until the world economy regained itself. According to the neoclassical growth model in economy, the long-term growth is determined by continuous supply of productive resources and productivity. The governments expansive spending doesn’t seem to give importance to the productive supplies. If the countries major plans startle, at the minor oil rate infraction due to problems in the world economy, how adverse would the effects be if the sustainable oil is depleted completely. Saudi Arabia cannot take a single stand in this issue. It should consider the stand of its neighbouring countries exporting oil too. Here is a table showing the list of its oil exporting co-countries. Figure Reference: (Sturm, M. Gurtner, Francois & Alegre, J, 2009, p - 8) Considering the fiscal performance of all the major oil dependant countries like Algeria, Nigeria, Russia and Saudi Arabia, the main problems faced by them are 1. The sudden sharp fall of oil price 2. The highly sustainable natural resources 3. The challenges arising out of specific domestic issues (Low cost oil

Pestel Analysis Political Factor Management Essay

Pestel Analysis Political Factor Management Essay China automobile industry, the top vehicle superpower in the world has become the backbone in the national economy due to the fast growing of the industry in 2009. Protections and privileges have been set up by Chinese government to the foreign automakers which directly allow those foreign companies have easy access in Chinese automobile industry. Therefore, China is successfully attracted many multinational companies to enter the country such as Ford, and Volkswagen. Economy Factor The open policy have brings the country rapid and continuous economic growth and today, China has playing an important role in the global economic environment. Based on China currently growing economy position, huge market size, and the dominating position in the global economic environment which showed there are high profits potential have attracted big international vehicle manufacturers. Social Factor Firstly, any international firm needs to understand the Chinese concept of guanxi which is completely different meaning from Western concept of relationship. However, it is important for Western organisations to build their own guanxi networks in China in order to smoothen their operations. Finding local partners when begin a business in China is a sensible way. Thus, many of the multinational automobile manufacturers are choose joint venture as their entry mode where it can ease the process in both administrative and political processes, yet, cultural differences may become the obstacles for them to handle. Technology Factor The technologies in automobile industry are keeps upgrading, for example, automobile makers are now designing a car with environmental consciousness in order to protect the environment and they comes up with hybrid cars. Moreover, several automobile companies are using computers system in their car diagnosing problems. Environment Factor The consequences of the growth sales in automobiles are such as air pollution, sound pollution, and of course the global warming due to the overconsumption of oil which is causing the release of CO3 that harm the earth. Nevertheless, the responsibility is not only in the shoulder of China but also the burden of the whole world. Legal Factor China laws and regulations are usually often known as unclear, ambiguous and difficult to understand. However, the government is trying to liberalize the legal and regulatory environment for foreign investors. Michael Porters 5 Forces Threats of Product Substitutions The factor presenting the strongest threat of substitutes in the industry is the second hand car. This may be seen in the face of used automobiles which are sold by dealerships along with new cars. Especially, when it is in the economic recession which directly impact the increase of buying second hand cars and reduce sales in new cars. Public transportation like bus, train, monorail and others are another alternative mode of transport as the substitutes to cars. Threats of New Entrants Due to the economic booming and the rise of demand in purchasing cars in China, thus, it will attract more new entrants in the Chinese automobile industry. A large investment is needed by every new entrant in order to set up necessary facilities in producing large amount of production. The fixed costs are high, and then it will be a major entry barrier for new entrants. Besides, new entrants need to face some authorization processes before launch their new business. However, the lack of transparency in China legal system may bring substantial difficulties for them and it will create barriers too. Intensity of Rivalry As we know that, to involve in automobile industry the fixed costs are high. So, assuming a company wants to leave the industry, their loss of revenues and assets will be high too. Hence, to avoid disinvestment, companies will increase their research and development and invest in marketing in order to attract customers which will increase the intensity of rivalry amongst companies. Besides, international automobile companies not only need to competing each other, but also amongst the local automobile companies. Although it is true that customers might buy foreign cars by the mindset of quality, but, local customers will more prefer local automobiles where their design may fit their needs compare to foreign cars. Bargaining Power of Buyers Dealerships is the key buyers for those car manufacturers, yet, the end-user customers also importance to be counted. The exclusive contractual agreements make the switching costs for the dealerships are extremely high. But, dealerships are vital to those car manufacturers too in the sense of reaching the end consumers. Bargaining Power of Suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers is seem to be high. This is because by the small size of reliable suppliers whose are producing high quality raw materials and readymade components and parts which are no substitutes for all needed raw materials. Michael Porters Diamond Analysis Factor Conditions China is a large population country with its increasing purchasing power has made it as the ideal place for investments. In order to attract international automobile companies, the State council of China has developed a new development outline, called the Outline in March 2009 where it is about industrial upgrading, technological enhancement and promotion of new engines. It is no doubt that China has enough facilities including land capacity and natural resources that able to support every interested company. Demand Conditions Today, there are change in the level of Chinese needs and want which is come along with the increase of purchasing power and disposable income amongst the demographics. Moreover, the improvement in the Chinese lifestyle and economic life of state power risen the private consumption of them. The demand in China was especially heavy for cars that were perceived to be of higher quality than most of those produced by Chinese government and in China only about 20% of people owned car. Related and Supporting Industries China has realized that the reliance on low-end and labor-intensive manufacturing which use mainly imported technology is being no longer sustainable. Therefore, the development of the automobile industry shall involve restructuring of the production and technological advancement. The presented Outline by the Chinese government entails that passenger cars produced with domestically independent brands shall account for over 40% of the total car market, comprising about 10% (around one million) of the whole export production and sales in 2011. A powerful information system aimed at enhancing the Joint Ventures capabilities by better managing the entire value chain of the enterprise, including research, design, sourcing, production, marketing, sales, and service. Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry In terms of market expansion it is a moderate factor influencing rivalry among competitors due to the established powerful brands in the industry, nevertheless some companies engage in more than one segment by utilizing different brands, e.g. BMW and Mini. Rivalry among competitors is also little reduced through a degree of differentiation in few diverse segments within the automobile industry like luxury cars and budget cars. The models offered by Changan-Ford in the Chinese market sold well because they appealed to a sophisticated segment of buyers, who saw Western-designed cars as differentiated because of their overall superior quality, innovative technology and aesthetic appeal. Hofstedes Dimension Social Orientation China scored 20 in the index which is showed that Chinese is a highly collectivist group where they act based on the group majority decision and not themselves. In contrast, United States is a highly individualistic community where this can be proved by they achieved a 91 score. In order to solve the problem between collectivist and individualistic culture, Changan-Ford can held workshops or seminars which are able to educate their employees about the important of teamwork (ie. Team building). Power Orientation By the high score of 80, China is a definitely power respect culture where they will obey to their superiors command and instructions. However, United States scoring a low score in this dimension which is only 40. And this is showed that Americans are practicing power tolerance where they will just follow their leader if they think that their leader is right, whereas the superior will listen to the employees opinion. Therefore, empowerment atmosphere is in the Americans culture. Changan-Ford may benchmark the Toyota lean productions strategy whereby Toyota is believed in bottom-up report and this beside can formalized the process but also can decentralized the organisation. Uncertainty Orientation In this dimension, China has score 30 which is showed that Chinese do not avoid risk and contented with ambiguity. Slightly scores higher score than China, US scores 46 which presented that Americans are risk takers and willing to accept new ideas, innovative products and willing to try new practices. Goal Orientation By the scores of 66, China is proven to be masculine society. Thus, many Chinese will rather sacrifice their family than careers due to they are more eager to be successful in their jobs. Not far different from China, US score 62 on this dimension showed that Americans are masculine society too. Time Orientation Chinese is known as the country that needed longest time to make decision making where persistence and perseverance are normal. This can be proved by they achieved extremely high score in this dimension which is 118 score. Contrast, US scores 29 in this dimension and showed that they are short-term oriented culture. Therefore, Americans make fast decision making than Chinese. The suggestion for Changan-Ford to solve this problem is they may set dateline to all decision-makings that all managers need to make.

national Guard Essay -- essays research papers

What is The Pennsylvania Army National Guard? The Pennsylvania Army National Guard is a branch of the United States Army that is mostly used today for homeland security. Although the National Guard is not active like the Reserves or Active Duty Army, they still have the same requirements and same responsibility. More than 22,000 men and women make up the Pennsylvania National Guard and Air National Guard today. They reach from state quarters at Fort Indian Town Gap in Lebanon County to about 100 comunities in the commonwealth. Like all National Guard members they share the same responsibilities. For their federal mission, they are trained and equipped to join the active forces in the time of war or a national emergency. For their state mission, they respond to the orders of the governor, protecting the lives and property of people during man made and natural disasters. Their role extends further than floods, blizzards, and riots, everyday they work to clean up the enviorment, fighting to get rid of drugs and other illegal t hings on the streets, and they serve as role models to generations to come. With the National Guard today you can earn extra money for college, learn job skills that you can use out of the service, and feel better about yourself by serving your hometown and country. History of the National Guard The history of the Army National Guard began on December 13, 1636 when the Massachusetts Bay Colony organized three militia regiments to defend against the growing threat of the Pequot Indians. Patterned after the English Militia systems, all males between 16 and 60 Kessler 2 were obligated to own arms and take part in the defense of the community. The National Guard continues its historic mission of providing defense of the nation. The National Guard also fought many battles in the 20th century. The first war they were in during the 20th century was World War 1. From the streets of Harlem and other New York City neighborhoods came the African-American National... ...the advance into Iraq. Armed with the Multiple-Launch Rocket System, the Field Artillery men of this battalion provided accurate and devastating fire throughout the entire campaign. The rockets were so deadly; the Iraqi soldiers called them "steel rain." Today the Guard continues its vital peacekeeping effort in Southwest Asia. What it takes to be in the National Guard There are many requirements to be in the Army National Guard. The National Guard has physical, academic, and legal requirements that you must pass to join. You must first be in good physical shape and not have any major handicaps. The minimum age to join the National Guard is 17 years of age and a high school junior. If you are under the age of 18 you must have your parents consent. If you are not in high school you must have a high school diploma or GED. You must also score a high enough score on the ASVAB test. When you get your score you will be contacted by a recruiter to see what kind of job you want and can get by your score. You must also be a citizen of the United States and if you are an alien then you cannot get a job in the Army that requires a security clearance.

Marital Paradigm Essay

I grew up in a joint family in India, which had 3 married couple and their kids. Marital relationships that I saw in my family were not great but not bad either. All the men used to work in the family business and the women used to take care of the children and the house. Many times my parents used to fight and my dad used to scream at my mom, but my mom never had the guts to say anything to him. I always saw that my mom was scared of him and I used to question myself why doesn’t she reply back. And being a girl myself I used to think that probably girls cant say anything when theirs husband are screaming at them. I used to talk to my mom and tell her why cant she reply back, but I never really got an answer. I always saw my mom as the weaker one in the relationship. On the other hand we had a family friend and both husband wife used to work as college professors. In their house the husband never screamed at the wife, I am sure they had conflicts but you could totally see the respect that he gave to his wife. When I grew a little bit older my mom started telling me how she felt. That was when she told me that she was a housewife and my dad was the one who earned in the family and thus he could talk like that to my mom. My dad always dominated her as he is the man of the family and is the one responsible for all the decisions of the family. And this was not only my parents I 4saw this trend throughout my family with the other two couples as well. Certain assumptions that I saw in the relationships were that even if it was my dad’s fault, my mom always had to be the first one to apologize. Also since my mom is eight years younger than my dad I saw that my dad didn’t really understand her and took her for granted at times. Bring the older one he tried to impose certain things on her. I also saw that if I tried to calm down my dad he didn’t like it as I was a child and I should not be involved in their matters. This training has had a lot of impact on my relationships. As I always saw my mom being dominated by my dad, I didn’t want that to happen with me. When I grew up I had certain things very clear in my mind. I wanted to be educated enough so that I can earn myself and have a good job, so I never dependent on my husband for anything. For that reason I came to USA and decided to study here. In my past relationships, I made it very clear to my artners that my career is more important than anything in my life and I wouldn’t leave it for anyone. I was also very clear about anyone screaming at me. Since I saw my mom always being screamed at and I always hated it. Also I have certain things straight for my future. I want my husband to understand that I will not stop working and be a housewife, so that later I have to dependent on him. I want him to respect my decisions and me. Many times I have seen that the women of the house are not asked to contribute in family matters, and I think that is not right at all. So I want to have a relationship where we both contribute in the family matters and come to a conclusion together. I am not yet married but I think the things I have in mind for my marital relationship are very clear. According to the book women still do two-third of the household work. I think if women can earn like men do, then men should work the same like women. I think my idea of marriage is based on a simple rule, which is to give the amount of resect you get. And I think it is pretty healthy because if two people cannot respect each other for what they are then they cannot be together for long. Moreover I have been taught marriage is not only about two people, but it is about two families that get together. And I expect my husband to respect and get along with my family as being the only child I think my parents are my responsibility and will always be. Thus whoever marries me has to understand the importance of my parents in my life, and on the other hand I want to be comfortable with his family too. I also feel that at times girls tend to be too clingy with their partners, and I think that is one reason why guys get irritated. Therefore I would like to give space to my husband when he needs and expect the same from him. Some people might think that this is being stupid but I know I wouldn’t like if my husband gets over protective about me, and the same way I don’t want to be over protective about him. I know it’s not easy to be with a person like me who is over ambitious. And at times it can be a problem for guys to see the girl so much into her work, and for me my career has always been more important than anything. I think this can be a problem when I get married, because at times it has been a problem for my boyfriends to understand my passion about my work. This is something I want to work on as most of the times guys don’t understand this. Also I like the idea of peer marriage as in a marriage where both people respect each other equally and understand each other’s likes and dislikes it becomes easier to be together. According to the book faithfulness is the number one reason for marital success. And I totally agree with this, even if the physical relationship between two people is not that good, if they both are faithful to each other nothing can separate them. My parents have not only taught me to be faithful but I also have seen this in their relationship. Even though my father was dominating my mother, they are still together. This is because no one of them was unfaithful to the other. Also I think from a few years the fights between my parents reduced I think this happened because they saw that I am a grown up now and all this might affect my thoughts about marriage. Children are a big reason why two people stay together even if they don’t want to. But I think that’s not right. I don’t want my husband to be with me just because of our children, because that’s doing a favor to our relationship. I would like us to be together because we make each other happy not because of a third reason. I am brought up in a culture where non-marital sex is not accepted. And these values are embedded inside me. I know now a days girls have sex when they are 14 years of age, but I am 21 years old and I am still a virgin. Being in USA and telling your boyfriend that you wont have sex with him because of your culture is not easy. Many times people judge my beliefs but that has not affected me at all. I want my husband to respect my beliefs and understand where I am coming from. Because for me a relationship is not only about getting physical, there is a lot more to it, and what I have heard and seen around me is that guys only want to get physical. I know according to the book sex is the second reason why marriages work. But for me it is not. I am not against sex at all, but I don’t want my marriage to be dependent on it. Book talks about homogamous marriage, which is a type of marriage in which spouses share their race, ethnicity, age, or social class. Basically a marriage where the two people have something in common. Obviously my parents want me to get married to a guy from the same caste and I agree with them. Because I think if the guy is familiar with my religion, my caste, and my society there is better change of understanding between both of us. In a nutshell I want a marriage where we both can share our happiness, and problems with each other without any problem. A relationship where I get the same respect that I give to the other person.